Disebutkan dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary, Hortatory termasuk kata sifat (adjective) bermakna "tending or aiming to exhort" ("cenderung atau bertujuan mendorong / mendesak
orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu"). Sedangkan Exposition bermakna "a comprehensive description and explanation of
a theory" ("Penjelasan
dan penjabaran sebuah teori secara komprehensif").
Jadi secara bahasa, jika
disimpulkan, hortatory exposition adalah teks yang menjelaskan sebuah
teori/masalah secara komprehensif dengan tujuan mendorong orang lain melakukan
/ tidak melakukan sesuatu.
GENERIC STRUCTURE OF
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Generic Structure, atau susunan umum hortatory exposition adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Thesis / General Statement
Thesis / general statement berisi
pernyataan pembuka mengenai topik pembahasan. Sebagai contoh kita akan membahas
mengenai bahaya rokok, thesis statement yang bisa kita gunakan misalnya :
“Rokok dapat menyebabkan
kanker, serangan jantung, dan impotensi”.
2. Arguments
Arguments, ”Pendapat” berisi berbagai pembahasan lanjutan
dari thesis
statementsecara detail. Akan lebih
baik jika argument ini tidak hanya berisi pendapat pribadi penulis saja tapi
juga bisa berisi pendapat para pakar. Mengacu pada contoh thesis statement tentang rokok di atas, kita bisa membuat arguments
pendukung dengan lebih detail, misalnya :
Argument 1 : Saya mengira
serangan jantung yang dialami direktur PT. LaptopButut, Pak “XXX”, disebabkan
karena intensitas merokok lebih banyak dari pada minum air putih.(Terus
kembangkan paragraf ini lebih dalam)
Argument 2 : Telah banyak
dibuktikan bahwa rokok hampir menjadi sebab utama penyakit kanker. (Terus
kembangkan paragraf ini)
Argument 3 : Impotensi
seorang bos “XXX” di kota “XXX” disebutkan karena kebiasaanya merokok sebelum
tidur. (terus kembangkan lagi paragraf ini)
3. Recommendation.
Recommendation / suggestion berisi saran penulis
tentang topik pembahasan. Jika membahas tentang bahaya rokok, sobat pasti tahu
dong apa yang harus disarankan?
CONTOH HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Contoh hortatory expostion
ini diambil dari buku bahasa Inggris Interlanguage yang membahas tentang "Masyarakat Indonesia harus menghargai
perbedaan budaya demi Kesatuan Bangsa."
Mari kita simak...
Indonesian People Should Value All the Different Culture to Promote
Unity of the Nation
Indonesia is a
culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many
provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest
questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse
citizenry and then promote unity.
Therefore, Indonesians
should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly,
Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture
diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity
among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if
they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be
tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain
their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved.
Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.
Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.
Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.
Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.
Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.
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